Friday, 11 April 2025

George Koval_Soviet Spy Inside Manhattan Project

George Koval: Soviet Spy in the Manhattan Project

George Koval: The Soviet Spy Who Infiltrated the Manhattan Project

Introduction

George Abramovich Koval (1913–2006), codenamed "Delmar," remains one of the most enigmatic and impactful figures in Cold War espionage...

Early Life: From Iowa to the Soviet Union

Roots in Sioux City

Koval was born on December 25, 1913, in Sioux City, Iowa, to Jewish immigrants from Telekhany, Belarus...

Emigration to Birobidzhan

In 1932, amid the Great Depression and Abram’s growing disillusionment with American capitalism...

Recruitment and Training: The Making of a Spy

GRU’s Sleeper Agent

The GRU, seeking to plant agents with impeccable Western credentials...

Drafted into the U.S. Army

In 1943, Koval was drafted into the U.S. Army, a twist of fate that propelled him...

Infiltration of the Manhattan Project

Oak Ridge: The Uranium Enrichment Hub

In August 1944, Koval was stationed at Oak Ridge, Tennessee...

Dayton: Stealing the "Urchin" Secret

In June 1945, Koval transferred to Dayton, Ohio, where Monsanto Chemical Company...

Impact on the Soviet Nuclear Program

Koval’s data reached physicist Yuli Khariton, director of the Soviet bomb project...

Escape and Obscurity in the USSR

Discharge and Disappearance

Honorably discharged in 1946, Koval completed his degree at CCNY...

Stalin’s Antisemitism and Koval’s Survival

Koval’s return coincided with Stalin’s anti-"cosmopolitan" purges...

Legacy and Historical Reassessment

Posthumous Recognition

Koval’s identity remained classified until 2007, when Russian President Vladimir Putin...

Motivations: Ideology or Survival?

Scholars debate Koval’s motives. Some attribute his actions to ideological conviction...

Comparative Espionage: Koval vs. Fuchs

While Klaus Fuchs (a KGB informant) provided theoretical bomb designs...

Conclusion

George Koval’s story epitomizes the shadowy interplay of ideology, identity...

Sources

1. Wikipedia: George Koval
2. Smithsonian Magazine: "George Koval: Atomic Spy Unmasked"
3. Atomic Heritage Foundation: George Koval Profile
4. Dayton Jewish Observer: "The Soviet Spy Who Stole Atomic Secrets"
5. Cold War Patriots Blog: George Koval, Russian Spy

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